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![]() ![]() ![]() However, ARIMA model does not capture some turning points in cocoa black pod incidence. Application of time series analysis especially auto-regressive moving average (ARIMA) model has been widely used in economics study and can be used to quantify the effect of climate variables on black pod incidence to forecast the right time to control the incidence. Studies have shown that the climate variables have influenced the cocoa black pod disease incidence and it is important to quantify the black pod disease variation due to the effect of climate variables. Jaaffar, Ahmad Kamil Kim Phin, Chong Chong Mun, HoĬocoa black pod disease is one of the major diseases affecting the cocoa production in Malaysia and also around the world. Ling Sheng Chang, Albert Ramba, Haya Mohd. Preliminary results show that d3-DHN- MA could be used as an internal standard for mass spectrometric quantification of DHN- MA in human urine.Įffect of climate variables on cocoa black pod incidence in Sabah using ARIMAX model 13C NMR data indicate that DHN- MA as well as d3-DHN- MA are obtained as mixtures of four diastereomers. ![]() The 7,7,7-trideuteroheptanal is easily prepared by classical methods in four steps from 6-bromo-1-hexanol. ![]() The requisite starting methyl esters are obtained, respectively, from heptanal or 7,7,7-trideuteroheptanal and methyl 4-chlorophenylsulfinylacetate via a sulfoxide piperidine and carbonyl reaction described in the literature. Racemic 1,4-dihydroxynonane mercapturic acid (DHN- MA) and 9,9,9-trideutero-1,4-dihydroxynonane mercapturic acid (d3-DHN- MA) are synthesized on a 400-mg scale (overall yield approximately 40%) by a two-step sequence involving Michael addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine to methyl 4-hydroxynon-2(E)-enoate or methyl 9,9,9-trideutero-4-hydroxynon-2 (E)-enoate, followed by reduction of the intermediate adducts with lithium borohydride. Synthesis of 9,9,9-trideutero-1,4-dihydroxynonane mercapturic acid (d3-DHN- MA), a useful internal standard for DHN- MA urinalysis.Ĭhantegrel, B Deshayes, C Doutheau, A Steghens, J P ![]()
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